Typically, fiber optic cables are made up of various parts depending on what cable you want. To better understand, imagine looking at a bulls-eye, the outer most circle would be the cable jacket or what you see on the outside of a fiber optic cable. The core is where the data is sent as light from one end of the cable to another. One key important fact is that the light is reflected off of mirrors inside the cable which helps get the light waves to its destination. Light is turned on and off rapidly translating to 1's and 0's that are received and interpreted as data.
http://www.arcelect.com/fibercable.htm
I would imagine that when LI-FI becomes more prevalent, there will be lots of mirrors to help guide light to many different receivers. It might help solve the earlier problems with light data being physically blocked from their destination.
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